How Christianity and Paganism Coexisted in Beowulf Essay

Beowulf is a great example of how Christian beliefs and pagan views could coexists so well in a poem. The poem Beowulf written by an unknown Christian monk around A.D. 700 compares the beliefs of many to the new beliefs that are beginning to form around the world. The poem shows how the people of the time thought about their world and how the things around them happened and they think that the devil controls these things.In Beowulf, we explore both Christian and pagan beliefs, and how they were able to coexist at the time. In the poem, Christianity is shown though the understanding of symbolism to create the ideas of Christianity. The â€Å"Song of Creation† is made famous in Beowulf as the first Christian reference in a poem. The poem make†¦show more content†¦The poem on lines 588-92 referrer to her house as hell: â€Å"Then he realized, suddenly,/That she had brought him into someone’s battle-hall,/And there the water’s heat could not hurt him, Nor a nything in the lake attack him through/The building’s high arched roof...† In Beowulf Hrothgar’s subjects are told to be pagans by their belief that the devil can rid Herot of Grendel. In lines 90-94 their beliefs are shown: â€Å"And sometimes they sacrificed to the old stone gods,/Made heathen vows, hoping for Hell’s/Support, the Devil’s guidance in driving/Their affliction off. That was their way...† Materialism in the Anglo-Saxon society was honorable idea at the time for warriors that travel to other nations to battle and when they succeed at their task the ruler would give them treasure to take back to their home nation. This is noted in lines 389-91 explain how materialism is viewed: â€Å"Keep it free of evil, fight/With glory in your heart! Purge Herot/And your ship will sail home with its treasure-holds full.† At the end of Beowulf when he is fighting the dragon all of his men but one deserted him in battle and he is able to injure the dragon enough that Beowulf deliveries the killing wound. In the poem the pagan references are noting how the followers of Hrothgar and Beowulf believe that the devil holds the power to change what is happening around them and make it better. Hrothgar and BeowulfShow MoreRelatedPaganism In Beowulf1683 Words   |  7 Pageswithin the epic poem Beowulf is the continuous, underlying theme of good versus evil – the shift from paganism to Christianity. Although this epic consists of the battle between the hero, Beowulf, and the monster, Grendel (and Grendel’s mother, as well), the main overture of the story is that of the new Christian belief triumphing over evil and the old pagan beliefs. This value is but one of many that contrast the pagan and Christian principles in Anglo-Saxon and in Beowulf. The blending and cultivation

The Concepts Decision Making And Reasoning - 1806 Words

Humans have gained a decisive advantage as far as cognition, which is how we acquire information and understanding through thought and experience and use that knowledge in everyday life (Dessimoz, 2016). Cognitive concepts include attention, consciousness, memory, langage, problem solving, creativity, decision making, and reasoning (Sternberg, 2016). The focus of this paper will be of the two concepts decision making and reasoning and how they relate to the recent shootings of African-American individuals. Since the media has brought attention to this topic, the country has begun to split. African-American individuals group all Caucasians into the racist category due to the behaviors of a select few, and the presidential election didn’t help at all. The reunification between races, and realizing not all â€Å"white people† are out to get you is what brings importance to this paper. Decision making is implicit or explicit behavior that requires a judgement and deci sion to be made (Dong , Du, Qi, 2016). Reasoning is the process of drawing conclusions from principles of evidence (Sternberg, 2016). Previous experiences can effect both decision making and judgement. This is apparent in the police shootings as they are subject to stereotypes, biases, and heuristics. Even before taking this class, I knew there was something more that was influencing the shooting of the African-American males rather than the simple fact of the officer being racist. Even as family membersShow MoreRelatedThe Ethics And Human Sciences1364 Words   |  6 PagesOur conclusions on any occasion are direct consequences of any developed concept in our minds. We see the world as we want to see it through our personal perceptions. When we are categorizing anything as desirable or otherwise, we judge using the concepts that we hold to us. Although different concepts may shape different conclusions, they are all influenced by beliefs and experiences. So, to what extent do our beliefs modify the conclusions that we may reach? The knowledge obtained through out someone’sRead MoreCritical Thinking And Clinical Reasoning1163 Words   |  5 PagesCritical Thinking and Clinical Reasoning Critical thinking and clinical reasoning are terms often used interchangeably throughout the history of nursing. However, they are not the same, and distinguishing the difference amongst them is important. The purpose of this paper is to define critical thinking and clinical reasoning, discuss each concepts similarities and differences, as well as share this author’s perspective on how critical thinking and clinical reasoning have developed and evolved throughoutRead MoreAnalysis of Leadership Ethics, by Lamar Odom 1176 Words   |  5 Pagesquestion presented in the book’s title, the reader is alerted on the fact that simply doing the right thing is not usually the most appropriate decision when a leader experiences a complex ethical dilemma or situation (â€Å"Professor Odom’s Book Examines Ethics in Leadership†, n.d.). The author wrote the book in order to provide insight on ethical decision-making from a practical perspective. He noticed a void in st udents’ and corporate executives’ understanding of the essential tenets of ethical leadershipRead MoreCritical Analysis : Critical Thinking1245 Words   |  5 Pagesskills are essential to make better informed and more balanced decisions. Also, it helps an individual in dealing with new risks and challenges more efficiently. According to Dash (2016), â€Å"critical thinking is an umbrella term that covers six key skills: problem-solving, analysis, creative thinking, interpretation, evaluation and reasoning.† In addition, the most of the critical thinking concepts are intuitive and to integrate these concepts in our routine tasks it requires effort, study and reflectionRead MoreDefinition Of Problem For Sales Department916 Words   |  4 Pagesquick to push the negativity onto other departments, taking no blame for any failures. Concepts that Address the Problem -Over Confidence- The next year’s projections by the sales team are considered by Mr. Sparks and Ms. Cash to be high. They do not agree with the numbers because of their experiences and data known by them. To correct this issue the reasoning by the sales team must be understood. The concept of Over Confidence (Ricciardi, 2000) entails the manner in which humans often think moreRead MoreThe Verbal Comprehension Index Measures The Ee107’S Ability1016 Words   |  5 PagesThe Verbal Comprehension Index measures the EE107’s ability to access and apply acquired word knowledge. Specifically, this score reflects her ability to verbalize meaningful concepts, think about verbal information, and express herself using words. On the Similarities subtest, EE107 had challenges with identifying how two words are alike. Similarly, on the Vocabulary subtest, EE107 could provide correct definition of basic words, but she struggled to provide definitions of higher level words. OnRead MoreCritic al Thinking Essay example1031 Words   |  5 PagesDMBA 610 Individual Paper Assignment Week 2: Critical Thinking and Decision making Assignment: Individual Paper Assignment: Individual Paper (15%) Your instructor will post a business memo that you will need to analyze applying the critical thinking model discussed in Asking the Right Questions. In a short paper (7-8 double-spaced pages) apply all of the steps of the critical thinking model  to assess the arguments made in the memo. Include all of the steps. Leaving out discussionRead MorePursuing A Career As A Financial Planner Essay1652 Words   |  7 Pagesrationale and thinking to distinguish the qualities and shortcomings of option arrangements, conclusions or ways to deal with issues. 5. Deductive and inductive Reasoning The capacity to apply general rules to particular issues to create answers that work well and the capacity to consolidate bits of data to shape general guidelines or decisions. 6. Sales and Marketing Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products or services. This includes marketing strategy andRead MoreEssay on Applying Psychological Theories to Board Games755 Words   |  4 Pagescategorization. Analogical reasoning is a way to process information that does a comparison on the similarities between concepts which are either new or understood. This is also known as a type of inductive reasoning because the reasoning will strive to give understanding of what could be true, other than merely proving it as a fact. This reasoning can be either used by adults or children alike as a persuasive argument (Bargh, 1996). One of the simplest ways to inductive reasoning which two or more objectsRead More The Ontological Argument Essay1446 Words   |  6 Pagesparticular concept of God - that God is that than which nothing greater can be conceived. Saint Anselm presents a convincing argument that many people view as the work of a genius. It is also quite often considered a failure because, in William L. Rowes words, In granting that Anselms God is a possible thing we are in fact granting that Anselms God actually exists. In other words, it assumes the point it is supposed to prove, primarily because is assumes that existence is a great-making quality

Abortion Legal or Illegal free essay sample

For many years abortion has been a controversial issue to weather or abortion should be legal or illegal all over the United States. Women all over the United States has been given the choice to have an abortion in some states such as Oklahoma a woman who wants to get rid of the fetus must undergo a view of the ultrasound and listen to the fetus heartbeat and no abortion can be done after 20 weeks of pregnancy (procon. org). I believe abortion shouldn’t be legal at all because in the Bible it states in Exodus 20:13 the 6th commandment of God’s word states â€Å"Thou Shall Not Kill†. So I believe in the word and that God also Created all men equal which means defying of what God states would be a sin and will be condemned for disobeying the word of God. I also believe that there are many couples around the United States that can’t conceive a child so aborting a child who is not wanted is also a way of getting rid of responsibilities God has chosen to give that person. We will write a custom essay sample on Abortion Legal or Illegal or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I also believe that women who have been raped did not want to be pregnant in remembrance of the man who raped her and conceived that child. I believe that undergoing a morning after Contraceptive would be a good alternative but, also carrying that child full term to allow a family who can’t have kids raises this child. Men should also have a say in the abortion but, should also take into consideration I helped create this human being now, I have to raise this human being as a responsible adult. It’s sad to say that this doesn’t happen because abortion is legal in some states. Do you believe someone who shoots someone else in their own home should get the death penalty (No because it would be considered self-defense) so why not make abortion illegal because Murder is Murder and that would be disobeying God’s Word. Although some say a fetus is unable to feel pain; I object to this because the fetus can hear and feel what is happening to them. Abortions are very costly, and not only legal but illegal in some places already but, still happens. Abortionist makes $831 Million annually off abortions. Those procedures can cost a woman her life and the fetus as well. Agony of pain, with draw from the world, and even other psychological effects as well. I found a video called the silent scream it’s based off of an abortionist performing an abortion. I watched this video and objected to even a rape victim having an abortion. The viewing is violent, but will change the whole perspective of abortion after someone has watched it. To view this video and take a stand on what you believe in you can find this video part 3 on www. youtube. com search Abortion Silent Scream part 3 and you will find the video Profoundly I thought abortion was okay in the example of rape, because it’s not the woman’s fault nor is it the babies. After watching the Silent Scream my voice of choice has changed because the fetus is a actual human being who moves. In the video of silent scream you can see the surgical tool to remove the fetus piece by piece but, the baby is rejecting him trying to move which is the cry for help. Once the Sac is drained it was easier to grab the fetus and remove the parts.

Personal Strategy Card Essay Essay Example

Personal Strategy Card Essay Paper B. Carefully describe the grade to which you use each of your Learning Patterns. ( Refer to the Personal Learning Profile you developed for your Week Two assignment and any feedback provided by your teacher to find if you need to polish your responses as you complete this section. ) Sequence: When I use consecutive form on a usage first footing I feel most comfy. cognizing that if I follow everything step-by-step makes finishing assignments from get downing to stop without break go smoother. Using consecutive form in my family makes things easier. because you find myself seeking order and consistence. even when I’m non seeking to. Now. that I’ve learned about sequence acquisition I notice it at work more frequently. with my desk. Everything has to be tidy and organised. if non I feel defeated until I get it how I want it. I found out that I tend to make good when I know I am depended on to finish the undertaking at manus. We will write a custom essay sample on Personal Strategy Card Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Personal Strategy Card Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Personal Strategy Card Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Preciseness: I don’t truly agree with utilizing precise form on a usage first footing. One thing I do bask making is replying inquiries. but I find myself being a small to specific. Some people call me noisy. but I merely like to cognize precisely what’s traveling on. In that instance everyone uses precise form on a usage first footing. Technical Reasoning: Using proficient form on a usage first footing is what I do frequently. I’m ever seeking to work out jobs without composing out replies. In my sentiment people learn best from their past experience. I have no sisters or brothers so I’ve ever had a stand-alone. independent attitude. Confluence: My mark indicated that I use the meeting acquisition form. as needful which is apprehensible. I guess it’s a good thing to hold meeting to be used on a as needful footing. because these forms tend to put hibernating until I need to wake them up and allow them cognize that they need to be used. Sometimes I believe my thoughts are merely a small spot better so the following individual. but I blame that on being the lone kid. There’s nil incorrect with taking a hazard. but I think you have to make up ones mind the right clip to take a hazard. C. Identify all verbs and specific footings from the assignment instructions and depict how each Learning Pattern will be used to efficaciously finish the Week 5 assignment. ( Critically review the Final Reflection assignment in Week Five and decrypt it. ) Sequence: The assignment is inquiring you to group. reappraisal. develop. sort and demo illustrations for each one verbs that belongs in the sequence acquisition form. Preciseness: It’s inquiring for you to explicate and place your acquisition forms and depict what type of scholar you are. Technical Reasoning: Technical Reasoning is non needed. because there isn’t anything specific that needs to be written briefly. Now it does state compose five paragraphs 2 to 3 sentences long. but in my eyes thats non brief. In this form you aren’t utilizing your custodies to construct anything. Confluence: This assignment is inquiring you to creatively believe and arise the assignment as a whole. D. Explain how you will Forge. Intensify. or Tether ( FIT ) your Learning Patterns to implement personal schemes so you can finish the Week Five assignment expeditiously and efficaciously. ( If you do non necessitate to Suit a Pattern. include a description of the schemes you of course use which help you to be successful on these types of tasks. ) Sequence: I’ll tether my sequence form. because I like things to be perfect so I don’t have to worry about my assignments being turned in late. If I continue to tether my sequence to flawlessness. this will give me more clip to turn in my assignments no affair what category i’m pickings. Preciseness: Intensifying this form involves me utilizing the information that i’ve lerned and gathered during this class for the past five hebdomad. At the same clip document how this class has affected my manner of acquisition and authorship. Technical Reasoning: I don’t believe that there are stategies for proficient logical thinking. because this assignment requires you to reflect and utilize elaborate composing about what was learned during this class. Confluence: By intensifying my brainstorming and coming up with better thoughts that can be used to better my composing assignments. It should be tethered because if I use excessively many thoughts in my authorship I could confound my reader.

Analysis of Organizational Change Outcomes

Analysis of Organizational Change Outcomes An Analysis of Understanding Change in Organizational Outcomes-Article in Journal of Management Problem Addressed by the Study The study suggests that experimental research designs are not suitable for examining change in organizations because they require a lot of resources, are badly timed, and due to ethical reasons (Arvey, 2011).Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Analysis of Organizational Change Outcomes specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Sexual harassment is a strong instance of this issue since it can be both legally and ethically wrong to hold back harassment learning and related organizational interventions from a portion of the population to be utilized as a control group (Arvey, 2011). Thus, organizations often investigate sexual harassment involvements by making surveys to evaluate the incidence of these behaviors before and after the execution. Survey responses though are prone to several subjective factor s that affect the soundness of their interpretation. Surveys are especially influenced by response distortion, communication customs and memory ability of the subjects, measurement, reactivity, and phrasing of the questions (Arvey, 2011). In addition, interpretation of survey results can be perplexed by risk of internal and external accuracy presented by historical influences, maturation, non-response preconceptions, etc. Despite the fact that various approaches have been advanced for reducing these threats to validity of surveys such as the internal referencing method, these approaches cannot take care of all the potential influences of personal factors on survey responses. As a result, additional measures are required before valid findings are drawn from survey investigations. This article discusses methods that can be employed to examine whether a change in the average of a variable is a real change or a result of subjective influences on survey responses (Arvey, 2011). These app roaches have been examined in relation to sexual harassment in the US military during seven year duration. In particular, the study sought to find out whether the reported drop in incidences of sexual harassment in the military resulted from behavior change or it was just caused by change in the responses of the subjects. Stakeholders in the Research The stakeholders in this study are researchers and organizations in general. Researchers will benefit from the research as they will know the effectiveness of surveys in generating valid responses from subjects and the methods they can employ to ensure that such responses are not affected by respondent’s subjective factors. This will ensure that whenever surveys are used to generate information they will generate accurate information and data from which valid conclusions can be drawn. The other group of stakeholders in the research study is the various types of organizations (Waldo, 2008). The idea of change is very important in organizational settings and these entities usually administer surveys to measure incidences of various change variables.Advertising Looking for article on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, the validity of these surveys cannot be guaranteed because of the subjective influences on subjects’ responses. Thus, evaluating the effectiveness of the various methods available for reducing this subjectivity would help in ensuring that change surveys yield only valid results (Waldo, 2008). The Data Collected and How it was Measured The data for this study was based on a 2008 survey administered to members of the US armed forces. The data questionnaires were given to respondents who consisted of members of the US Department of defense who had been actively engaged for at least the last half year. The study employed a non-standardized stratified random sample in a bid to obtain adequate sample si zes for the targeted populations. The study subjects involved both men and women unlike in past studies where samples included women alone. To measure the sexual harassment variable, the study used the Sexual Experiences Questionnaire. This form of questionnaire has been employed extensively in the assessment of the prevalence of inappropriate gender connected behavior in the past few years (Antecol, 2003). The questionnaire comprises of a four-factor model. The four variables covered were sexist behavior, unsolicited sexual attention, offending behavior, and sexual duress. The study measured the responses based on a four-point Likert scale. The responses ranged from never to very often. Quantitative vs. Qualitative This study was quantitative in nature. The research employed quantitative techniques to analyze the responses to the study variables. This entailed calculation of means, standard deviations, as well as correlation coefficients between the variables that were being invest igated. Other measures used were covariance, variance, and standardized root mean square. For levels of significance, the study utilized the F-test. Hypothesis The research employed two hypotheses, hypothesis 1 and hypothesis 2. Hypothesis 1 stated that responses to the sexual harassment questionnaire are influenced by subjective factors of the respondents. Hypothesis 2, on the other hand, stated that responses to the sexual harassment questionnaire are not influenced by the subjectivity of the respondents. The first hypothesis was an alternative hypothesis while the second one was a null hypothesis. The research used the F-test with a 95 percent confidence level to test the null hypothesis. If the null hypothesis was wrong by over 5 percent it would be rejected. In contrast, if the null hypothesis was wrong by less than a 5 percent margin it would be accepted.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Analysis of Organizational Change Outcomes specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Dependent and Independent Variables In this research, the dependent variable was the change in sexual harassment behavior among members of the US armed forces. Conversely, the independent variable was the cause of the change in sexual harassment behavior. That is, was the cause related to the research approach or instrument or a real change in behavior? Data Analysis To analyze the research data, the study employed several approaches including univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis. Univariate analysis was used to depict variables such as the study populations and sample constituents among others. In contrast, bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to study the relationship between the research variables. Multivariate analysis methods employed included calculating the means and standard deviations of the responses, determining covariance, and regression analysis. Scatter graphs were also utilized to depict t he relationship between the key variables. Research Findings The aim of this study was to investigate the methods for understanding change in organization outcomes. Though crediting the decline in sexual harassment to organization efforts is obviously appealing, the study results indicates that the significant decline in these behaviors is not completely as a result of measures taken by organizations to curb it. This finding is based on the study’s investigation of the association between sexual harassment incidences and organization interventions to reduce the behaviors. Further, the study revealed that incidences of sexual harassment in organizations have not changed significantly as implied by earlier investigations into the subject. What have changed instead are organizational members’ responses to cases of sexual harassment. Additional Research Questions The present study sheds light on the impact of subjective factors on survey responses. Specifically, it shows h ow change in organizational members’ reaction to cases of sexual violence can influence survey results despite the fact that incidences of sexual harassment have not reduced. Potential research questions arising from this research are the causes of change in organizational members’ responses to incidences of sexual harassment and the most effective ways of measuring such incidences. References Antecol, H. (2003). ‘‘Does sexual harassment training change attitudes? A view from the federal level.’’ Social Science Quarterly, 84: 826-842.Advertising Looking for article on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Arvey, A. (2011). ‘‘Using surveys to assess the prevalence of sexual harassment: Some methodological problems.’’ Journal of Social Issues, 51: 117-138. Waldo, C. (2008). ‘‘The sexual harassment of men? Exploring the concept with theory and data.’’ Psychology of Women Quarterly, 20: 527-547.

En Faire Tout un Fromage - French Expression

En Faire Tout un Fromage - French Expression The French expression en faire tout un fromage is a tasty way to describe an overreaction. When someone greatly exaggerates the importance of an event, they turn it into a whole cheese in French. It literally means to make a whole cheese about it and is used to mean make a big  fuss/stink/deal/song  and dance about it. It is pronounced  [ah(n) fehr too too(n) fruh mazh]. It has an informal  register. Remember that en replaces de plus a noun, so you can also say faire tout un fromage de (quelque chose). Examples and Variations   Ã‚  Il ne faut pas en faire tout un fromage  !  Ã‚  Ã‚  No need to make a big fuss about it!  Ã‚  Ã‚  Laurent a fait tout un fromage de ma dà ©cision.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Laurent made a big song and dance about my decision. You may also see the following variations of  en  faire  tout un  fromage: faire un fromage de (quelque chose) en faire un fromagefaire tout un plat de (quelque chose) en faire tout un platfaire tout un plat de fromage de (quelque chose) en faire tout un plat de fromage Similar Phrases Ce nest pas la fin du mondeCe nest pas la mer boirechercher midi 14 heuresfaire toute une histoire dese faire une montagne de rien / dun rien​​

Equal and Superior Services of Restaurants Research Paper

Equal and Superior Services of Restaurants - Research Paper Example This concept of equality and superiority can easily be understood by the example of restaurants. Most of these restaurants are providing services but very few of them are capable of providing superior services with equality. People visiting restaurants are from diverse environment settings and have dissimilar needs. Thus a restaurants need to achieve the status of being superior by providing equality in outcomes of experiences of different individuals. Like:Ambiance/ decoration: People who wants to dine out definitely requires something especial to feel and eat. Efforts should be made to impress the customers by providing them relax and pleasant environment. Furnishing should be comfortable yet functional.Waiting Staff: Few things that make the first impression about the restaurant, waiters/waitresses are among them. Hiring trained staff proved to be the backbone of the restaurant business. Customers expect friendly, polite and professional treatment from the waiting staff. Healthy F ood: If customers have caloric information of the meals on the menu card or on request, it will be an additional service on behalf of the restaurant. Trying to have variety and creativity in the recipes of meal prevent customers to feel boredom from same kind of menu. Use of Advance Equipments and Technology: Restaurants should accept the credit cards to provide ease to the customer in payments. In addition, restaurants should have their own website in order to display their latest packages, new recipes.

Teen (brain) Development Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Teen (brain) Development Report - Essay Example The issue of this generation gap has been the source of a lot of discussion and more so when the current teenagers quite often look for quick fixes and instant gratification in life, with the virtue of patience appearing to loose relevance. Does this arise from just the differing generations or are there more basic issues including the manner of brain development in teenagers. Insight into the structure and the way the brain develops and functions have come about as a result of deep study on the matter. (Benson, D. Grey matter gallery. 2002). The insight is not without its controversies, as is usually seen in research fields and more so here as there is likely to be difference of opinion from the philosophic point of view as the matter under consideration is the functioning of the brain. (Sheppard, R. How We THINK? 2000). The development of the brain starts from the time of conception and continues into adolescence and teenage. This maturing of the brain is a result of chemical and hormonal development and occurs in stages. An example of this can be seen in that the period between the ages six and fifteen is considered to be the peak language development period as the left hemisphere fills out and after which acquiring new language skills becomes more difficult. The brains of the teenager are still in the developing stage and there are functional areas that are different from that of an adult brain. The frontal cortex area, which is the seat of cool decision making, is still in the developing stage in a teenager, whereas it has full developed in the case of an adult. This would definitely provide different ways in which decision are made and there is quite likely to be differences of opinion on the decisions that have been taken. (Bergman, B. A five-tonne tool for BRAIN SURGERY. 2000). The difference of views that occur among teenagers and adult parents come about

Russia, 1905 - 1917, The Causes of Revolutionary Change Essay Example for Free

Russia, 1905 1917, The Causes of Revolutionary Change Essay Q3. Using your knowledge of the events of 1917 (March November) explain how the Bolsheviks were able to take over the government in November. The Bolsheviks were able to take over the Government in November 1917 by exploiting the mistakes made by the Provisional Government, their unique ideology, Lenins policies and propaganda, and an element of luck. These were the main factors for their seizure of power, but other factors combined together to allow the Bolsheviks to complete their objective. The Bolsheviks seized power, because they had a unique ideology. Their ideology was that a revolution had to be created, instead of just waiting for it to happen. They thought that they had to lead from the front. The Social Revolutionaries were unable to lead a revolution as they were too sparsely spread out across Russia, which is a vast country. The Mensheviks thought that a revolution would spontaneously occur as a larger proportion of the population urbanised. The truth is that this would never happen in the near future, because currently only about nine or ten percent of the population inhabited the cities. The other ninety percent were peasants who lived deep in the countryside. Lenin, a previous political exile knew that this degree of urbanisation would never happen, as Russia was too vast a country, and didnt have a transport system that was capable of allowing people from the countryside to come to the cities. Another unique idea that the Bolsheviks had was that they were the only party that wanted to end the war, while the rest of the parties (the Mensheviks and Social Revolutionaries) wanted to continue with the war effort. The majority of Russians thought that the war was also a bad idea, as it intensified the problems that were facing Russia at that time, such as starvation in the cities, terrible urban working conditions and the lack of land owned by the peasants. The war had caused these problems, and the continuation of the war did not remedy the situation. Plus the war was going badly, as the Russian army was able to put up some resistance against the Austrians, but suffered repetitive defeats at the hands of the Germans. The Bolsheviks unique ideology was therefore a very significant factor, as if they had not led from the front, a revolution would have never happened, and the All Russian Congress of Soviets wouldve been the legal ruling body of Russia. Another reason why the Bolsheviks took over the government in November 1917 was because of Lenins unique policies and propaganda. The Bolsheviks grew from a small insignificant party since the split of the Social Democrats in the London Conference, to dominate the Petrograd Soviet by November 1917. Lenin said that if the Bolsheviks gained power, then he would provide Peace, land and bread. This single phrase offered something that would make everyone happy. He promised peace, an end to the war, which was something that the majority of Russians wanted. The peace would allow the army to come home to their families. Peace was such a unique policy, as the Bolsheviks were the only party to offer it. The rest of the now legal political parties wanted to carry on with the war effort, even after they had seen that it had caused so much strife. He also offered land, something that was desired by nearly ninety percent of the population, the peasants. Before the peasants were forced to farm the common land of their village, or Mir, but Lenin offered that they would have their own land, something that they could own for themselves. And lastly, but not at all least was that he offered bread to the people. He offered a cure to starvation, which had plagued the cities, starving the umpteen number of urban workers, who had already been working longer hours to provide equipment for the front. Lenin said and promised things that he never planned on carrying out, but simply used them to win the support of people. The best example of this was when he came back from exile and stepped off the Sealed Train, he then said All power to the Soviets! In April 1917 but he did not mean this, but used it as a political tool to provoke peoples thoughts, and was very effective propaganda. He also used other slogans such as the one mentioned above to stimulate the Russian publics minds, and to gain their support. Lenin also managed to seize power in November 1917, because of his impeccable timing. Lenin was offered to lead the revolution during the July Days, but at that time he would have been taking power for the Soviets, including the Mensheviks and Social Revolutionaries. Lenin refused to take power at this time, but he didnt know for sure if he would have another opportunity to regain power. This risky move paid off later, as later on a Russian general (Kornilov) who was fighting on the front thought that the Provisional Government was weak, and he sought to re-introduce the Tsarist system. The leader of the Provisional Government (Alexander Kerensky) thought that Kornilovs army was finally going to overthrow the Provisional Government. He turned to Lenin and said that he would give him all the weapons of Petrograd if he would protect the city from the oncoming troops. Lenin accepted this plea and the private army of the Bolsheviks (the Red Guard) was given Petrograds weapons. On the 27th of August Kornilov marches his troops from the front towards Petrograd. When Kornilovs troops reach Petrograd, army discipline collapses and they abandon Kornilov to join the Red Guard. Now the Red Guard has the weapons of Petrograd, and an extended army due to the mutineers. The Provisional Government had made a huge mistake. They had given not only some, but all the weapons of Petrograd to the Red Guard leaving themselves defenceless. After Lenin had control of weapons, which were supplied to him by the Provisional Government, and an army that had rapidly gained support from the public and mutineers. He now had all the correct tools, which he needed for a job that he had masterminded: to take control of Russia legitimately. Now, he had time on his side, so he waited for the correct time to take control. The day he took control finally fell on the 6th November 1917, because that was the day before the All Russian Congress of Soviets was to meet. Due to his impeccable timing, he was able to take control before this meeting, which was to decide the fate of the Russian political system; therefore he was able to claim legitimacy. This showed that Lenin was very astute, as he had had chances to try and win power before, but he did not opt for that option, but waited until circumstances to his liking, and took advantages of them, resulting in the Bolshevik party ruling Russian headed by himself. The reason why the Bolsheviks took power in November 1917 was because they exploited the mistakes that had been made by the Provisional Government. The Provisional Government did not listen to what the people wanted, while Lenin told them what they wanted to hear, and subsequently won their support. The Provisional Government relaxed the censorship law, and therefore allowed new influential ideas to spread. This factor combined with the legalisation of political parties meant that these new ideas were large parts of the policies that the newly legalised parties used to try and gain support. The re-entry of political exiles into the country, such as Lenin, Trotsky and Stalin were all major mistakes, which Lenin in particular exploited as he stimulated the way people thought about the revolution that had recently occurred, and made them think if anything had actually changed. Once people had thought about that question, they realised that nothing had actually changed: there was still starvation in the cities, the peasants had no land, working conditions hadnt improved, but had worsened, inflation was still a major problem and the common people of Russia (the peasants and urban workers) were still denied a say. A factor that contributed to the Bolsheviks taking power in November 1917 was something that could not be controlled: luck. Lenin and the Bolsheviks by far did not have a perfect plan on how to take power. They were lucky on three prominent occasions. The first was that Lenin decided not to seize power in July shortly after the July Days riots that took place in the major cities of Russia. The people asked him to lead the way to a fresh revolution as he called it, but he refused, as at that time the Bolshevik party was still a very small minority in the Petrograd Soviet (which was the most influential Soviet in Russia), as he would be taking power for the Mensheviks and the Social Revolutionaries. This refusion of power at that time was very risky tactics by Lenin, as he didnt know if he would have another chance to try and take power again in the future. The second prominent example of luck was the taking place of Kornilovs Revolt. Kornilov was a general who was fighting on the front. He was a keen supporter of the Tsar and the Tsarist system in the whole, and thought that the Provisional Government was doing a bad job of ruling over Russia. He thought that if he could get rid of the Provisional Government somehow, then the Tsar might be re-instated as the rightful leader of Russia. Kornilov planned to March his army to Petrograd and retake power by forceful means if necessary. When the Provisional Government heard about his plans, they began to panic, as they had never faced a situation remotely similar to this in the past. As they had no force of their own present in Petrograd at that time, they turned to Lenin to see if he and his personal army made up of Bolsheviks (the Red Guard) would protect Petrograd from the oncoming army. The Provisional Government said that they would give all the weapons of Petrograd to the Red Guard if they would protect the capital. Lenin jumped at this opportunity when it arose, as he knew that the Provisional Government were making a huge mistake. When Kornilovs army did reach Petrograd, they mutinied and joined the Red Guard. Now the Red Guard had the weapons of Petrograd, and were firmly in control of the situation. This was pure luck by the Bolsheviks, as they did not know if Kornilov was going to revolt in the future when Lenin refused power previously in July, but by chance the circumstances became favourable for him. From the evidence I have given, I conclude that the Bolsheviks were able to take over from the Provisional Government in November 1917, because they had had a great leader in the form of Lenin, who had impeccable timing, motivating policies and propaganda and a unique ideology of what to do with Russia. They were also able to exploit the mistakes made by the Provisional Government, and an element of luck had play in their seizure of power. The Bolsheviks unique ideology was that they should end the war, while the rest of the newly formed political parties wanted to carry on with the war effort for the same reasons as the Provisional Government did, and that was because they didnt want to be seen as cowards. The Bolsheviks knew what the people wanted, and stimulated them accordingly with the use of some crowd-pleasing policies and propaganda. The Bolsheviks leader Lenins astute timing of the day to seize power, the day prior to the meeting of the All Russian Congress of Soviets. Luck did have a part to play in this seizure of power, and without it, the All Russian Congress of Soviets would probably have become the legitimate controlling body of Russia, but circumstances played into the hands of the Bolsheviks. The aggressive political tactics of the Bolsheviks: the idea that you had to go out and create a revolution did eventually pay off, as if they had done what the Mensheviks had done, then the revolution would never have taken place, and Russia would be ruled by another body. The prime reason for success was the masterminding and swaying of public thought, courtesy of the Bolshevik leader, Lenin.

Desertification And Deforestation Essays -- Environment Environmental

Desertification And Deforestation The Amazon Rainforest is probably the most important region that is threatened by deforestation. With over four million squared kilometers it is roughly the size of the United States. The Amazon spreads across nine South American Countries and contains one-fifth of the Worlds fresh water and one-third of the known living species. The land is home to hundreds of indigenous groups and is considered by many to be â€Å"the lungs of the planet†. Most of the Amazon is still pristine, but the region is being destroyed at an alarming rate. Over 8 million acres of the rainforest are lost every year. Between 1978 to 1996, 12.5 percent of the irreplacable rainforest was destroyed. Eighty-five percent of the trees that are being cut down are old growth. Old growth forests are forests that provide a crucial habitat for wildlife, cleanse toxins out of the air and water, are the home to the cultural heritage of many indigenous groups and are the source of many useful plants. Only twenty-two percent of the world’s old growth remains intact. In the United States, less than four percent of its old growth forests are still standing. Brazil contains 65 percent of the Amazon Basin. The deforestation rate in Brazil makes up 36.1 percent of the total biozone area lost each year. This is the highest in the world. Indonesia is second with 8.7 percent. This is the reason that Brazil is the focus of most political and social efforts to perserve primary tropical and sub-tropical biozones. One of the main causes of deforestation in the Amazon is the logging industry which produces plywood and mahagony products like toilet paper, rayon, camera film and cigerette filters. E... ...P., eds. World Deforestation in the Twentieth Century. Duke University Press. Durham and London: 1988. Sponsel, Leslie E., Healdland, Thomas N., Bailey, Robert C. Tropical Deforestation: The Human Dimension. Colombia University Press. New York: 1996. http://africalibrary.org/env__reading#.html. â€Å"The Africa Library† Internet article. http://africalibrary.org/env_reading2.html. â€Å"The Africa Library† (What is Desertification?† Internet Article. http://www.reast.demon.co.uk/ch954.htm#TARGET4. â€Å"Conservation: Habitat ED 1995.† Internet Article. http://www.panda.org/resources/factsheets/general/57desert.html. â€Å"DESERTIFICATION.† Internet Article. http://grid2.cr.usgs.gov/des/uncedp1/html#j. â€Å"Part I† Internet Article. http://www.iisd.ca/linkages/sd/analya/sdvol10no4e.html. â€Å"Sustainable Developments Vol. 10 No. 4.† Internet Article.

Lord of the Flies – How is the idea of the beast developed?

The idea of a beast on the island emerges early in the story, which quickly evolves from the imagination of one little boy. At first the idea is superficially rejected but subconsciously absorbed and as a result it continues to develop. The concept of a dangerous presence on the island originates when one of the children mentions he has seen a â€Å"snake – thing. Ever so big†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.in the woods, † an idea which is quickly dismissed by the older boys as part of his imagination. Soon, many of the older boys begin to wonder about the existence of some kind of beast, and although many were not willing to admit this, its fear was demonstrated by their horrible nightmares and night screams. Later, talk of beasts emerges at an assembly where the vast majority agreed on its presence on the island and although Simon had already figured out that this idea came from their inner fear, he was not able to get this point across. Orwell reveals the reader, through Simon, how the creation of the beast is used to take the blame for all the chaos and disasters. Furthermore, the creation of the beast is just an excuse to believe the cause of evil is due to it, not to them. As a result, it becomes critical to find a definite shape for the beast and prove its existence as this would automatically release them from the guilt the evil emitted. Soon after, a dead parachutist's corpse is confused with the beast, and the children become convinced of the existence of the beast. In a later assembly, Jack decides to leave the group as he refuses to obey more rules. Many others decide to follow him, as they felt more secure with him. The idea of the existence of the beast gave Jack control over the other children. The concept of a beast is allowed to develop due one main reason; fear. Fear of the unknown, together with the children's imagination, built up the idea of a beast inhabiting the island. Yet, many other factors contribute to its development, such as Jack's desire for control. Throughout this novel, the boys are constantly faced with various fears, yet nothing compares to the fear they feel towards the beast. The beast represents how human beings will try to convince themselves that evil is not present inside them, by making someone or something else seem to be the cause for the evil. The beast is a metaphor used to demonstrate how the imagination can be manipulated to let it grow; à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½The beast had teeth, à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ said Ralph, à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½and big black eyes.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Yet Golding's purpose in developing the concept of the beast was to demonstrate the connection between evil and fear, to show us that fear is the thought and evil is the reaction, as it is proved by the murder of Simon, when he was confused with the beast which inhabited in their minds.

Causes of the 1st and 2nd World Wars Essay

The causes of World War one and World War two share shared both differences and similarities, but overall there were more differences between the two. The social, political and economic circumstances of the times varied, though at times correlated with each other, but there are extreme differences that help create a different atmosphere for each war. The First World War was fought between the years 1914 to 1918 and the second was fought from1939 to 1945. Both wars involved military alliances between different groups of countries. The World War 1 was centered on Europe. The word warring nations were divided into two groups, the central powers and the allied powers. The central powers consisted of Germany, Austria, Hungary, Turkey and Bulgaria. The allied powers group consisted of France, Britain, Russia, Italy, and Japan and (from 1917) the U.S. In the Second World War, the opposing alliances are now referred to as the axis and the allies. The axis group consisted of Germany, Italy and Japan. The allies group consisted of France, Britain, the U.S., the Soviet Union and China. The thing that triggered the coming about of the First World War was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria on 28th June 1914, the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary. He was killed by Siberian nationalists. Austria-Hungary invaded Serbia. At the same time Germany invaded Belgium, Luxembourg and France. Russia attacked Germany. Several alliances formed over the past decades were invoked, so within weeks the major powers were at war; as all had colonies, the conflict soon spread around the world. The Second World War on the other hand was caused by treaty violations and acts of aggression on various fonts. Political and economic instability in Germany, combined bitterness over its defeat in World War 1 and the harsh conditions of the treaty of Versailles. The Versailles Treaty signed at the end of World war 1 not only lay the moral blame of the conflict on Germany but also forced Germans to make huge payments to the victors of the war. France and Britain needed these reparations payments in order to pay their own debts. But they were highly onerous, arguably unjustifiably so, and were deeply unpopular in Germany. In fact, the payments demanded were so large that Germany was able to repay the final installment of interest on this debt only on October 3, 2010. Another cause of the Second World War was the rise of power of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party. In the mid-1930’s Hitler began secretly to rearm  Germany, in violation of the treaty. Hitler seized on his growing resentment and promised to â€Å"undo this injustice and tear up this treaty and restore Germany to its old greatness†. Adolf Hitler signed alliances with Italy and Japan to oppose the Soviet Union. Imperialism was a cause of both World War 1 and the Second World War. In the First World War, there are disputes over the Balkans between Austria-Hungary and Russia, Morocco between France and Germany, Tunisia between France and Italy, and the Middle East by Germany, Britain and Russia. Whereas, in the Second World War, Germany obtains the Saar Valley, remilitarizes the Rhineland, annexes Austria, Sudetenland and Czechoslovakia. He then takes over much of Europe. Italy takes over Ethiopia and Japan invades China. On August 6th 1945 due to their refusal to give into the US’s ultimatum, the B-29 American bomber, the Enola Gay, dropped the first atomic bomb on Hiroshima. Three days later, America dropped another atomic bomb on Nagasaki, after Japanese leaders failed to respond to the first bombing. On September 2nd, 1945, Japan finally gave in and signed a statement of surrender ending the Second World War.

Robert, the Red Nose Butcher Professor Ramos Blog

Robert, the Red Nose Butcher It was a 16 hour flight that I Was dreading, tired, hungry, physically exhausted. I Knew my vacation was over. Two weeks of vacation and three different south american countries; Peru, Uruguay, and Argentina. I Had plenty of reasons to look forward to this vacation though; legal drinking age, seeing my cousin on her 22nd birthday, and no work! At that time I Was just bagging groceries at Stater Bros. Easiest job in the world, right? Well on my last day of work before my trip my store manager called me to the office and told me Ill be starting in the meat dept. When I Get back. But its a promotion. So its a good thing right? Yeah†¦ but its a whole new job description which is a whole lot of training. So I Left that news at the Buenos Aires airport after I Landed and enjoyed myself. But two weeks later it was there at the same airport waiting for me to get back. I Got back to work with a change in uniform and department. Rather than being able to run around a grocery store inside and out I Was limited to one department. Meat. my meat manager give me the rules of thumbs and id say with in months I Was able to identify a piece of meat and determine its cut and where it comes from. I was able to memorize codes and remember what number for what cut and meat. I Remember it was valentines day and the morning and afternoon were practically dead. So the meat cutters went home earl. But that would soon all change when everyone started to get off work. Customer after customer, steak after steak we were busier than a one legged man in an ass kicking contest. Eventually, with only two meat clerks and no cutters left, we ran out of the most popular steak, ribeye. Ive seen it cut for months and months, watching how they do it, so me and the other meat clerk ray decided just to try to cut. We cut the ribs as they were selling, with a line of customers across the department all wanting the same thing. It lasted about an hour and we cut about 5 ribs, around 20 Lbs each. We had a few left over by the end of the night and put them in the case for sale. In the morning when I Went in, my meat manager had already heard about the busy night we had, Asked how we did, he turned to me and said â€Å"those were the ugliest ribeyes I Have ever seen†, then turned away and started busting up laughing. I was as offended as a would be now, because those were my first cuts. In the following months I Didnt really do any cutting, more just wrapping meat and helping customers, but I Did keep watch when they would cut meat, on what to do and what not to do. Three months after the whole valentines day incident, Ended up being transferred to a Fontana store off sierra and foothill, Walked in the store and noticed, it was the smallest store I Had ever worked at. My first day I Was introduced to the meat manager and he explained how he goes about running the department and introduced me to the other clerks. It was a nice normal introduction, until one of the meat clerks named anali said â€Å"wait until he meets Bob !†. They all stood arou nd and started laughing, agreeing and sharing stories on how the ‘Bob ’ person is. â€Å"Just wait Charles hell be back in a week from vacation†, my meat manager Armando told me. So I Worked my few days as usual, but I Did notice that this store is not as strict, they dont exactly follow ‘policy’ but I Didnt care. I Went with the flow. My first friday at my new store I got a phone call from my old meat manager, asking me how I Was doing, we talked and shared a few laughs and then I Thought to ask about Bob . â€Å"Dont worry about Bob . Hes harmless† said my old meat manager as we wrapped up the conversation.† The next monday I Walked into the meat department and seen a new face. Well it wasnt really a new face, as a matter of fact it was a 64-year-old face, towering above my five foot two-inch self. â€Å"hello , Charles is it? Well hows about we go in the back and have ourselves a little meeting.† he walked me to where we washed the dishes and keep our supplies. He went on to lean against the sink and talk to me. â€Å"Well hello im Bob ! Robert john Joseph by God Cridlin! Now a little bit about me, Ive been with the company since I Got out of Vietnam and Im planning on leaving soon†¦ one more thing you ought to know about me is I Wasnt scared of jack brown! I Aint scared of nobody! Im an Irish Catholic, and a decorated veteran! Im untouchable son!† That is exactly how it went down that day almost down to the T. it was an introduction I Will never forget, and in introduction that was just the beginning of the end. It didnt take long for Bob to get comfortable with me, as I Learned it didnt take long for him to get comfortable with anyone. â€Å"Bob the Butcher† he was called and know by to almost everybody! Now it was almost immediately that Bob had started to show me how to cut. And I Did get the hang out of. Within a week I Learned how to cut four different steaks and by the month I Had learned to cut most of the basic/standard cuts. My meat manager Armando and Bob were not shy and within my first month I Started coming out of my shell a little. We talked about things ranging from anywhere between religion to sex, even our personal and financial lives. Between the whole department we all knew practically everything about each other, we just got personal. After about my first month I Noticed the Bob was a heavy drinker, I Heard stories and was seen videos and even voicemails from drunk calls to my co workers. It wasnt long before I Was put in the morning shift and notices, AT LEAST 3 days a week Bob would come in drunk! With his red-nosed shining almost as bright as Rudolphs from the whisky, I Knew he was not able to cut meat let alone use a saw. Over time I Got used to it as was everyone else in my department. It was almost to the point where the opener practically knew we would have to cut meat in the morning to cover Bob s ass. It wasnt a problem though we would cover for eachother†¦ even to the end. It was my 6th month when I Got to the store where I Got a text from another meat clerk, saying how something happened with Bob and Armando . Come to find out on my day off our district manager had walked in and noticed something was off about our meat. After reviewing footage 4 out of 5 of us got suspended; me Bob Armando and another meat clerk. We had to go to a couple of meetings at the corporate office and within two weeks the five people who were in the meat department didnt even work there one meat clerk, Armando and Bob got fired, I Was asked to resign, and the other meat clerk quit in protest. In the end none of us got fired for Bob being drunk or us cutting meat, they reviewed months and months of footage pulling skeletons out of the closet. Bob , got fired for cutting meat that was bad, he was caught on footage grabbing and out dated box, and seen in another camera smelling the meat (to see if it was good) and continued to cut it and sell it. Armando , got fired for grinding beef that was out of its life shelf, meaning it was too old to grind. The other meat clerk, Chris got fired for extending days on product, he was caught on footage extending seafood days. As for me, I got fired for leaving meat out of refrigeration and putting them back out for sale. I now work for sprouts in Alta Loma as a meat cutter, my meat manager now had actually not only worked for Stater Bros. Before but was also fired and also worked with Bob . In the interview he said he knows what I had gone through and although I have not been a meat cutter before, know I know how, and was taught by Bob .

Lord of the Flies Summary

'Lord of the Flies' Summary William Golding’s 1954 novel Lord of the Flies tells the story of a group of young boys who find themselves alone on a deserted island. They develop rules and a system of organization, but without any adults to serve as a civilizing impulse, the children eventually become violent and brutal. In the context of the novel, the tale of the boys descent into chaos suggests that human nature is fundamentally savage. Chapters 1-3 The novel opens with a young boy named Ralph and a chubby, glasses-wearing boy as they walk onto a lagoon wearing their school uniforms. We soon learn that they are part of a group of boys who were evacuated during the war and who survived the plane crash that followed what they suspect was an enemy attack. As Ralph and the other boy that there are no adults around, they decide they must attract the attention of any other surviving children. Ralph locates a conch shell and begins to blow into it, summoning the other boys with the noise. The chubby boy reveals that the other children used to call him Piggy. Ralph believes rescue is imminent, but Piggy argues that they must get organized because they may be stranded for some time. The other boys choose Ralph to be their leader, although the choice is not unanimous; the choir boys, led by Jack Merridew, do not vote for Ralph. Ralph gives them permission to form a hunting group. Ralph quickly establishes a rough form of government and order, exhorting the boys to enjoy their freedom, work together for their mutual survival, and maintain a smoke signal on the beach to attract any potential rescuers. The boys in turn agree that anyone holding the conch gets to speak without interruption. Ralph, Jack, and a boy named Simon are the popular leaders and begin a tense partnership. They explore the island and confirm it is deserted, but locate fruit trees and a herd of wild pigs that Jack decides he and his friends will hunt. The boys use Piggy’s glasses to spark a fire, but Piggy quickly finds himself an outcast despite his friendship with Ralph. Simon begins overseeing the construction of shelters, concerned for the younger boys- referred to as ‛littluns.’ Chapters 4-7 The initial burst of organization doesn’t last long, however. Without adults, most of the boys refuse to do any sort of work and instead spend their time playing and sleeping. At night, rumors of a terrible monster in the trees sparks a panic. Ralph insists monsters do not exist, but Jack says otherwise. He claims that his hunters will find and kill the monster, which boosts his popularity. Jack gathers a group of boys for a hunting expedition, which takes them away from the job of maintaining the signal fire. The fire goes out. Shortly after, a boat moves past the island, but does not spot the boys thanks to the lack of fire. When Jack and the other hunters return in triumph with a pig, Ralph confronts Jack, complaining that they missed their chance at rescue. Jack, angry at his moment being ruined, knows he cannot fight Ralph, and so beats up Piggy, breaking his glasses. As the boys cook and eat the pig ravenously- ignoring warnings about eating undercooked pork- Ralph tells Piggy he wants to stop being the leader, but Piggy convinces him to stay on. Piggy is terrified at what might happen if Jack took over completely. One evening, there is a dogfight between planes near the island, and a fighter pilot ejects. Killed in the air, his body floats down to the island and becomes entangled in the trees. A boy sees his corpse and parachute and is terrified, convinced that he has seen the monster. Jack, Ralph, and a boy named Roger head off to hunt the monster, and all three boys see the corpse and run in terror. Chapters 8-12 Now convinced that the monster is real, Ralph calls a meeting. Jack attempts a coup, but the boys refuse to vote Ralph down, and Jack leaves in a anger, saying he will start his own tribe. Roger sneaks away to join him. More and more boys begin to sneak away to join Jack’s tribe, lured by the roast pigs that Jack and his hunters are able to provide. Jack and his followers begin to paint their faces, and behave in an increasingly savage and primitive manner while Ralph, Piggy, and Simon try to maintain a semblance of order at the shelters. Simon, who sometimes suffers mental attacks, goes off into the woods frequently to be alone. Hiding, he observes Jack and his tribe perform a ritual designed to satisfy the monster- they impale a pig’s head on a sharpened stick and leave it as a sacrifice. It quickly becomes swarmed with flies, and Simon hallucinates a dialog with it, referring to it as the Lord of the Flies. The Pig’s Head tells Simon he is foolish to imagine the monster is a flesh-and-blood thing; it is the boys themselves who are the monster. The Lord of the Flies then tells Simon that the other boys will kill him, because he is the soul of man. As Simon walks away, he comes across the dead pilot and realizes that he has found proof that the monster does not exist. He runs back to the other boys, who have begun to dance in a crazed ritual. When Simon begins crashing through the trees, the boys believe he is the monster, and all the boys- including Ralph and Piggy- attack him in terror, killing him. Meanwhile, Jack has realized that while the conch is a symbol of power, the true power lies in Piggy’s glasses, which is the groups only means of starting a fire. Jack has the support of most of the boys, so he conducts a raid on Ralph and his remaining allies in order to steal Piggys glasses. Ralph goes to their home on the other side of the island, a rock formation known as Castle Rock. He takes the conch and is accompanied by Piggy and just two other boys, twins named Sam and Eric. He demands that Jack return the glasses. Jack’s tribe ties up Sam and Eric, and Ralph and Jack engage in a fight. Piggy, alarmed, takes the conch and attempts to address the boys, pleading for order. Roger sneaks up above Piggy and drops a heavy rock on him, killing the boy and destroying the conch. Ralph flees, leaving Sam and Eric behind. Jack hurts the twins until they agree to join his tribe. Jack orders the hunters to go after Ralph, who is told by Sam and Eric that they intend to kill him and impale his head on a stick. Ralph flees into the woods, but Jack sets fire to the trees to drive him out. As the flames begin to consume the whole island, Ralph desperately runs. Hitting the beach, Ralph trips and falls, only to find himself at the feet of a British naval officer. A ship spotted the flames and came to investigate. All of the children, including Ralph and Jack, suddenly begin to cry, collapsing in exhausted grief. The officer is stunned and expresses disappointment that good British boys would fall into such a state of misbehavior and savagery. Then he turns and studies his own warship contemplatively.

Critically evaluate the importance of the universal declaration of Essay

Critically evaluate the importance of the universal declaration of human rights in protecting human rights - Essay Example , academicians and human rights activists have continued to investigate and research into how the Universal Declarations of Human Rights have succeeded or being challenged in the protection of human rights at the universal level. Most often, there are differences in reportage in the successes and challenges of the UDHR but one crucial fact remains that there is potential in the existence of a common grounds under which issues of human rights can be viewed on a globalised perspective. This paper therefore delves into the discussion of the importance of the UDHR in protecting human rights by looking at certain central areas and aspects of universal human rights such as difficulty in defining human rights, ways of improving human rights at the global level and by use of continental conventions, improvements that have been recorded in the Middle East, Asia and African in terms of human rights, and finally the failure to observe universal standards. Difficult to Define what Human Rights a re According to the United Nations, the creation of the drafting and eventual adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was done with a notion that sought to identify a common universal code for defining human rights. This is why the phenomenon has a labelling of being universal.4 As a way of ensuring this, several steps were put in place, including the sampling of authors of the Declaration from different regions of the world, so as to be guaranteed that the text was going to â€Å"reflect these different cultural traditions and incorporate common values inherent in the world's principal legal systems and religious and philosophical traditions.†5 This way, it was expected that the Universal Declaration was going to be mutually consenting document and code that was going to help in the identification of key practices that constitute human rights protection and those that constitute abuses of human rights on a global scale. But not long after the declaration, sever al lapses were identified with the definition of what human rights are when taken from the context of cultural differences. In most literature6, human rights are said to be fundamental rights, rather than privileges that are accorded to every person by virtue of the fact that the person is a human being.7 Logically, this means that once a person is born, the fellow would not have to fulfil any processes or duties to qualify to enjoy human rights. Meanwhile, issues of cultural relativism promote the existence of cultural diversity in the world, which means that the fundamental provisions of different cultures must be allowed to be practiced.8 As part of cultural relativism, there is the issue of cultural integrity and diversity, which in itself is protected and enshrined by other United States provisions and declarations. For instance the respect of cultural integ